Studying the course of Greek philosophy in the world, meet great personalities with thinking and their work carved deep cultural history and their influence on the shaping of thousands of years after their time.
Among these include Plato and Aristotle, two real giants of intellect and spirit, closely associated with each other, taught great truths were recognized and honored by subsequent generations until today for their contribution.
In their works we find many similarities in their views on life, man, ethics, something that also is natural if connected together as teacher and student. But we find some differences in their perception of the world, politics and the place of women in society.
The differences between the two philosophers
Plato was born in 428 BC Athens. His parents came from aristocratic line. So education was meticulous. From his youth expressed an interest in politics and what was happening in Athens. When he was 20 years old, experienced beyond his teacher Socrates, near which he stayed for eight years, until his death.
With Socrates developed a special relationship as a student, as his teaching influenced decisively shaping the inner world of Plato. Plato saw, after the death of his teacher, to preserve and transmit the teachings and sublime character, writing the famous Socratic dialogues.
When he returned to Greece after many trips, founded in 387 BC Athens School coenobitic a philosophical character, which he named in honor of the Academy Hero Academy.
There he taught for 40 years, until his death, in accordance with the ideals and the Socratic spirit. Academy emerged in Greece in a catalytic body of knowledge and formation of important personalities of the era and revealed many big names in the field of philosophy and science. One of these was Aristotle.
Aristotle was born in Stagira in 384 BC His father was a famous doctor, which probably influenced his son's interest in biology and physics.
In the Academy of Plato came at age 18 and stayed in it 19 years, until the death of his teacher. He developed a close relationship with him and respect for him, but he disagreed and differed greatly on some ideas and positions.
This is why it is said that Plato called him "pole", ie foal kicking his mother in the abdomen just born. The disagreement between these two great philosophers is a worthwhile topic to study it. Let us examine more precisely the places where they had a different approach.
Point One: The Theory of Ideas
The first and main bone of contention was the perception of the world. Plato believed that behind the world of the senses and of Matter was another reality, which he calls "the world of ideas." In this world there are molds, causes, patterns of all things and phenomena that we perceive through the senses around us.
All are made based on a timeless form, which remains unchanging despite changes time brought to everything. These timeless styles seem to be the primary elements of nature, like mentally and abstract shapes that form the natural phenomena and that their number is specific.
Aristotle for his part had completely opposite view. For him Plato had knocked over reality. Agree that the physical world is governed by variability, transience and decay. But the "ideas" of Plato him are not the primary forms of things, but it is an artifact of human reason, which is created through the experience. That is our idea of the horse formed from our logic, as we have seen in nature compares a large number of horses and we have come in those characteristics that are common to all, beyond their differences.
This set of common features is the idea or 'form', as he called Aristotle, which has not existed in a special world, but occurs in katheti.Gia Plato the supreme reality is the world of ideas and archetypes.
For Aristotle, the ultimate reality lies in what we perceive with our senses. For Plato everything we see around us are reflections of other things that exist in the world of ideas-and thus also in the soul of man. For Aristotle, that exists within the soul of man are reflections of things and objects in the physical world.
Point two: The Policy
Another major point of contention between the two philosophers is the vision for who the best way (polity) governance of a state. Aristotle's work in "Politics" and Plato's "Republic" expressed their political positions with several common but different perceptions.
Plato speaks of the ideal state, which is ideal because it is governed by the constitution of the "nobility", that is governed by a set of people that stand for wisdom, knowledge, virtue, justice and governance capacity of each politon.O citizen within it has an important position, which is consistent with the nature, abilities and work undertaken to offer depending on the inclinations.
So it may belong to the class of rulers (rulers) in the class of guards - warriors (defenders of safety of the city from attacks), and the class of farmers, merchants, artisans (those that ensure the resources needed by the city to keep alive and survive).
The classes are more symbolic than real, and not formed by socio / economic or professional criteria. Associated with the four elements (earth, water, air, fire), which correspond to characteristics of human nature. So, every citizen belonged to one of these classes according to the characteristics and according to the training they need to take in order to cultivate character, spirit and generally his inner world.
According to Aristotle, people are divided based on economic criteria classes farmers, artisans and merchants, while socially divided into poor and rich media. The relationship they have between them the poor and the rich will shape the form of government.
The poor are usually more than the rich. Depending on how the power is shared and where it is concentrated, and determined the kind of government that can have three forms: monarchy or kingdom (one rule), aristocracy (rule few) Democracy (many govern).
To avoid degenerate and deteriorate these state forms into tyranny, oligarchy and mob rule respectively, shall be the purpose of incipient be the common good and not the interests of one or a few. The preference of Aristotle turns to the "Middle State", ie to what we understand today as a democratic polity, where the middle class ensures a balance between the poor and rich and keeps the center of gravity in the middle in their conflicts.
Point Three: The image of women
Another point of differentiation between the two giants are their views on the woman. The position that Plato gives to it in the state is equal to that of man. He believed that women can govern as well as men, because the wisdom, logic, valor, virtue is not a matter of gender, but the soul, training and education.
Emphasized that a state that does not give education to women, "like the man who does not exercise and not trains but only his right hand" (The World of Wisdom, J. Gaarder). Unlike Aristotle considers the woman's husband subordinate as he believes that in relation to this something is missing and that is an "imperfect man".
In the process of reproduction, because the woman has a passive role (receiving) and an energetic man (giving), the child inherits only the properties of the husband (which as we know today is not). The image and vision of Aristotle Women adopted in the Middle Ages, where the woman was downgraded, it was a source of evil and wickedness and limited to reproductive role only.
Despite the disagreement between Plato and Aristotle, it is important to stress that we encounter and "agreements" that is common. Both talk about the soul and its significance for humans, both emphasize that happiness is synonymous with virtue and high ideals and values, both remind us that the purpose of the State should be good and the cultivation of all its citizens.
But surely we find that both the wise Plato and Aristotle give the logical many useful and important answers to questions and concerns of today, so it can be both modern and timeless.
Picture 1) Plato
Among these include Plato and Aristotle, two real giants of intellect and spirit, closely associated with each other, taught great truths were recognized and honored by subsequent generations until today for their contribution.
In their works we find many similarities in their views on life, man, ethics, something that also is natural if connected together as teacher and student. But we find some differences in their perception of the world, politics and the place of women in society.
Picture 2) Aristotle
The differences between the two philosophers
Plato was born in 428 BC Athens. His parents came from aristocratic line. So education was meticulous. From his youth expressed an interest in politics and what was happening in Athens. When he was 20 years old, experienced beyond his teacher Socrates, near which he stayed for eight years, until his death.
With Socrates developed a special relationship as a student, as his teaching influenced decisively shaping the inner world of Plato. Plato saw, after the death of his teacher, to preserve and transmit the teachings and sublime character, writing the famous Socratic dialogues.
When he returned to Greece after many trips, founded in 387 BC Athens School coenobitic a philosophical character, which he named in honor of the Academy Hero Academy.
There he taught for 40 years, until his death, in accordance with the ideals and the Socratic spirit. Academy emerged in Greece in a catalytic body of knowledge and formation of important personalities of the era and revealed many big names in the field of philosophy and science. One of these was Aristotle.
Aristotle was born in Stagira in 384 BC His father was a famous doctor, which probably influenced his son's interest in biology and physics.
In the Academy of Plato came at age 18 and stayed in it 19 years, until the death of his teacher. He developed a close relationship with him and respect for him, but he disagreed and differed greatly on some ideas and positions.
This is why it is said that Plato called him "pole", ie foal kicking his mother in the abdomen just born. The disagreement between these two great philosophers is a worthwhile topic to study it. Let us examine more precisely the places where they had a different approach.
Point One: The Theory of Ideas
The first and main bone of contention was the perception of the world. Plato believed that behind the world of the senses and of Matter was another reality, which he calls "the world of ideas." In this world there are molds, causes, patterns of all things and phenomena that we perceive through the senses around us.
All are made based on a timeless form, which remains unchanging despite changes time brought to everything. These timeless styles seem to be the primary elements of nature, like mentally and abstract shapes that form the natural phenomena and that their number is specific.
Aristotle for his part had completely opposite view. For him Plato had knocked over reality. Agree that the physical world is governed by variability, transience and decay. But the "ideas" of Plato him are not the primary forms of things, but it is an artifact of human reason, which is created through the experience. That is our idea of the horse formed from our logic, as we have seen in nature compares a large number of horses and we have come in those characteristics that are common to all, beyond their differences.
This set of common features is the idea or 'form', as he called Aristotle, which has not existed in a special world, but occurs in katheti.Gia Plato the supreme reality is the world of ideas and archetypes.
For Aristotle, the ultimate reality lies in what we perceive with our senses. For Plato everything we see around us are reflections of other things that exist in the world of ideas-and thus also in the soul of man. For Aristotle, that exists within the soul of man are reflections of things and objects in the physical world.
Point two: The Policy
Another major point of contention between the two philosophers is the vision for who the best way (polity) governance of a state. Aristotle's work in "Politics" and Plato's "Republic" expressed their political positions with several common but different perceptions.
Plato speaks of the ideal state, which is ideal because it is governed by the constitution of the "nobility", that is governed by a set of people that stand for wisdom, knowledge, virtue, justice and governance capacity of each politon.O citizen within it has an important position, which is consistent with the nature, abilities and work undertaken to offer depending on the inclinations.
So it may belong to the class of rulers (rulers) in the class of guards - warriors (defenders of safety of the city from attacks), and the class of farmers, merchants, artisans (those that ensure the resources needed by the city to keep alive and survive).
The classes are more symbolic than real, and not formed by socio / economic or professional criteria. Associated with the four elements (earth, water, air, fire), which correspond to characteristics of human nature. So, every citizen belonged to one of these classes according to the characteristics and according to the training they need to take in order to cultivate character, spirit and generally his inner world.
According to Aristotle, people are divided based on economic criteria classes farmers, artisans and merchants, while socially divided into poor and rich media. The relationship they have between them the poor and the rich will shape the form of government.
The poor are usually more than the rich. Depending on how the power is shared and where it is concentrated, and determined the kind of government that can have three forms: monarchy or kingdom (one rule), aristocracy (rule few) Democracy (many govern).
To avoid degenerate and deteriorate these state forms into tyranny, oligarchy and mob rule respectively, shall be the purpose of incipient be the common good and not the interests of one or a few. The preference of Aristotle turns to the "Middle State", ie to what we understand today as a democratic polity, where the middle class ensures a balance between the poor and rich and keeps the center of gravity in the middle in their conflicts.
Point Three: The image of women
Another point of differentiation between the two giants are their views on the woman. The position that Plato gives to it in the state is equal to that of man. He believed that women can govern as well as men, because the wisdom, logic, valor, virtue is not a matter of gender, but the soul, training and education.
Emphasized that a state that does not give education to women, "like the man who does not exercise and not trains but only his right hand" (The World of Wisdom, J. Gaarder). Unlike Aristotle considers the woman's husband subordinate as he believes that in relation to this something is missing and that is an "imperfect man".
In the process of reproduction, because the woman has a passive role (receiving) and an energetic man (giving), the child inherits only the properties of the husband (which as we know today is not). The image and vision of Aristotle Women adopted in the Middle Ages, where the woman was downgraded, it was a source of evil and wickedness and limited to reproductive role only.
Despite the disagreement between Plato and Aristotle, it is important to stress that we encounter and "agreements" that is common. Both talk about the soul and its significance for humans, both emphasize that happiness is synonymous with virtue and high ideals and values, both remind us that the purpose of the State should be good and the cultivation of all its citizens.
But surely we find that both the wise Plato and Aristotle give the logical many useful and important answers to questions and concerns of today, so it can be both modern and timeless.
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