Please, people that are not friends with innovation may not read that, i can not answer all questions.
This project consists of two major approaches, one of this is experimental approach and another is computational approach through CFD software. IC engines lose 42% of their energy to exhaust. So a number of methods have been established to increase the performance of the internal combustion automobile engines. Turbo battery charger is a device which converts wasted exhaust gas energy into valuable electrical energy, which is used to charge the battery of vehicles. This part of project includes Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of this model and to compare the practical results with software results. Depending on the inlet velocity (exhaust pressure), the rpm of turbine changes and we get different levels of energy, from which we have compared the final power output. This project includes studies variation of different parameters like total and static pressure, velocity magnitude, temperature and kinetic energy throughout the case and the turbine, under various conditions to see how they will behave.
INTRODUCTION
1.1Summary
Turbo battery charging system converts the pressure energy into electrical power. This system uses the pressure and temperature of the exhaust which is sent through a or a set of nozzles and generates high velocity gases at the exit. This high velocity gas is being utilized to drive a turbo generator (turbine coupled with dynamo) which powers the auxiliary units such as car batteries, air conditioner headlight etc. So fuel
economy is greatly saved which is the need of the hour.
Figure 1.1 Symmetric diagram of Turbo Batter Charging System
In this turbo model we have used a single stage impulse turbine. This project incorporates the simple design of axial flow impulse turbine whose results are better than radial flow .
The second part of the project is the Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of fabricated model. CFD is the study of fluids to see how they will behave under various conditions and shows the interaction between solid and fluid part. In our project CFD analyse the exhaust gas which strikes on the blade of the turbine and gives the energy level that we should achieved. The high inlet velocity and pressure energy results in the rotation of the turbine by which we get some power output. So we have compared the practical results with
software results.
1.2 Benefits of Turbo Battery Charging System.
Now a day’s battery is charged through crankshaft. So a part of its energy is utilized in charging. We are using exhaust gas to charge the battery which is generally not used in any other purposes and simply wasted. So a part of energy is being saved as well as the overall power output got increased. By using this device we can generate the electricity which can be used to charge the battery. And can also be used to run air conditioner and to glow the head lights.
1.3 Limitations of Turbo Battery Charging System.
This device consists of a converging nozzle because of which a small back pressure may be generated. This back pressure can be harmful for engine for engine and an engine can work improperly.
2.1 Principle
During IC engine cycles at the exhaust stroke the piston moves from BDC to TDC that movement forces the gases through exhaust manifold. These hot gases come out through a converging nozzle with a high temperature and pressure and strike on the turbine results in the rotation of turbine wheel. A dynamo is connected which produces EMF. By this mechanism we can charge the battery. The main crankshaft can also be used to run a generator and supply electricity but this would mean that the transmission is to a large extent limited. So with this method we can transfer more percentage of power to the transmission.
The project is based on the Brayton cycle consist of two adiabatic work transfers and constant pressure heat transfer processes. At the first stage the gas undergo an isentropic, adiabatic compression. This stage increases the temperature pressure and density of the fluid. Second stage is the addition of heat at a constant pressure. In third stage the gas passes through an adiabatic, isentropic turbine which decreases the temperature and pressure of the gas. At the last stage the heated gas is removed.
2.2 Single Stage Impulse Turbine-
This model uses a single stage impulse turbine
WORK OUTPUT
F= Ms {Cw1-(-Cw0)}
= Ms(Cw1+Cw0)
F(axial) = Ms (Cfa - Cbl)
So,
W= Ms(Cw1-Cw0) Cbl
2.3 CFD VIRTUAL MODEL
A computational fluid dynamics technology that allow to study the dynamics of things that flow. We can built the computational model that represent a system that we want to study, than we apply the fluid flow properties to that model. CFD makes a virtual prototype of the device and the software will predict the output that related to the physical phenomena. So this method is a sophisticated computationally based
design and analysis techniques. It stimulates the flow of fluid, interaction of fluid and solid body, heat transfer, mass transfer and chemical reactions. Then we can apply the results of this virtual prototype in the real world physics.
OBJECTIVES:
3.1 Utilization of waste exhausts gas energy in electricity generation for battery
charging. Fabrication of turbo battery charging system.
3.2 Flow analysis of turbo battery charging system through CFD software
Our project have two aspects, one is practical aspect (that is the fabrication of turbo battery charger). We have already achieved this as our minor project. The second objective is to analyze the flow with software ‘..............’ and to compare the results with the practical results. This we are
doing second part as this project.
METHODOLOGY:
4.1 Practical part
A number of tests are performed on the prototype (average of three) at constant throttle varying load and constant load and varying throttle. Through the observations, results are calculated and graphs are plotted with final power output.
Calculations for tests on exhaust-
T= Sx R
S = reading of dial of hydraulic dynamometer ( final – initial , before starting the
engine), Kg
R= 0.32 m = distance from centre of dynamometer shaft to centre of spring balance
(dial) in m
BHP = (2.Π.N.T)/4500 horse power
1 horse power = 0.746 kW
So, B.P. in kW = (2.Π.N.T)/4500 X 0.746
Electric power =V.I watt
CFD solves the problem on the basis of finite volume method. Meshing is the division of objects into small-small set of finite volume called cells or grid.
The partial differential equations are converted into simple algebraic equations through discretization and then solved numerically to render the solution field. The results are achieved through a number of iterations and as much iteration we will do, as much as accuracy we can achieve. We have taken 2500 iterations to achieve efficient results.
4.3 Work output for turbine
Wturbine = ῃ . Cp . T4 (1-Tpr)(ɤ -1)/ ɤ ………………eq. 4.2
Where
ῃ = efficiency=1- T(outlet)/T(inlet)
Cp = specific heat at constant pressure
T4 = inlet temperature
Tpr= pressure ratio= P (outlet)/ P(inlet)
ɤ = 1.4 for exhaust gas
PRACTICAL RESULTS
Observations
5.1 Table for varying load:
5.2 Table for varying Throttle:
5.3 Calculations
Calculation for engine power:
T= Sx R
S = reading of dial of hydraulic dynamometer ( final – initial , before starting the
engine), Kg
R= 0.32 m = distance from centre of dynamometer shaft to centre of spring balance
(dial) in m
BHP = (2.Π.N.T)/4500 horse power
1 horse power = 0.746 kW
So, B.P. in kW = (2.Π.N.T)/4500 X 0.746
Electric power =V.I watt
To be continiue :)
This project consists of two major approaches, one of this is experimental approach and another is computational approach through CFD software. IC engines lose 42% of their energy to exhaust. So a number of methods have been established to increase the performance of the internal combustion automobile engines. Turbo battery charger is a device which converts wasted exhaust gas energy into valuable electrical energy, which is used to charge the battery of vehicles. This part of project includes Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of this model and to compare the practical results with software results. Depending on the inlet velocity (exhaust pressure), the rpm of turbine changes and we get different levels of energy, from which we have compared the final power output. This project includes studies variation of different parameters like total and static pressure, velocity magnitude, temperature and kinetic energy throughout the case and the turbine, under various conditions to see how they will behave.
INTRODUCTION
1.1Summary
Turbo battery charging system converts the pressure energy into electrical power. This system uses the pressure and temperature of the exhaust which is sent through a or a set of nozzles and generates high velocity gases at the exit. This high velocity gas is being utilized to drive a turbo generator (turbine coupled with dynamo) which powers the auxiliary units such as car batteries, air conditioner headlight etc. So fuel
economy is greatly saved which is the need of the hour.
In this turbo model we have used a single stage impulse turbine. This project incorporates the simple design of axial flow impulse turbine whose results are better than radial flow .
The second part of the project is the Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of fabricated model. CFD is the study of fluids to see how they will behave under various conditions and shows the interaction between solid and fluid part. In our project CFD analyse the exhaust gas which strikes on the blade of the turbine and gives the energy level that we should achieved. The high inlet velocity and pressure energy results in the rotation of the turbine by which we get some power output. So we have compared the practical results with
software results.
1.2 Benefits of Turbo Battery Charging System.
Now a day’s battery is charged through crankshaft. So a part of its energy is utilized in charging. We are using exhaust gas to charge the battery which is generally not used in any other purposes and simply wasted. So a part of energy is being saved as well as the overall power output got increased. By using this device we can generate the electricity which can be used to charge the battery. And can also be used to run air conditioner and to glow the head lights.
1.3 Limitations of Turbo Battery Charging System.
This device consists of a converging nozzle because of which a small back pressure may be generated. This back pressure can be harmful for engine for engine and an engine can work improperly.
2.1 Principle
During IC engine cycles at the exhaust stroke the piston moves from BDC to TDC that movement forces the gases through exhaust manifold. These hot gases come out through a converging nozzle with a high temperature and pressure and strike on the turbine results in the rotation of turbine wheel. A dynamo is connected which produces EMF. By this mechanism we can charge the battery. The main crankshaft can also be used to run a generator and supply electricity but this would mean that the transmission is to a large extent limited. So with this method we can transfer more percentage of power to the transmission.
The project is based on the Brayton cycle consist of two adiabatic work transfers and constant pressure heat transfer processes. At the first stage the gas undergo an isentropic, adiabatic compression. This stage increases the temperature pressure and density of the fluid. Second stage is the addition of heat at a constant pressure. In third stage the gas passes through an adiabatic, isentropic turbine which decreases the temperature and pressure of the gas. At the last stage the heated gas is removed.
2.2 Single Stage Impulse Turbine-
This model uses a single stage impulse turbine
WORK OUTPUT
F= Ms {Cw1-(-Cw0)}
= Ms(Cw1+Cw0)
F(axial) = Ms (Cfa - Cbl)
So,
W= Ms(Cw1-Cw0) Cbl
2.3 CFD VIRTUAL MODEL
A computational fluid dynamics technology that allow to study the dynamics of things that flow. We can built the computational model that represent a system that we want to study, than we apply the fluid flow properties to that model. CFD makes a virtual prototype of the device and the software will predict the output that related to the physical phenomena. So this method is a sophisticated computationally based
design and analysis techniques. It stimulates the flow of fluid, interaction of fluid and solid body, heat transfer, mass transfer and chemical reactions. Then we can apply the results of this virtual prototype in the real world physics.
OBJECTIVES:
3.1 Utilization of waste exhausts gas energy in electricity generation for battery
charging. Fabrication of turbo battery charging system.
3.2 Flow analysis of turbo battery charging system through CFD software
Our project have two aspects, one is practical aspect (that is the fabrication of turbo battery charger). We have already achieved this as our minor project. The second objective is to analyze the flow with software ‘..............’ and to compare the results with the practical results. This we are
doing second part as this project.
METHODOLOGY:
4.1 Practical part
A number of tests are performed on the prototype (average of three) at constant throttle varying load and constant load and varying throttle. Through the observations, results are calculated and graphs are plotted with final power output.
Calculations for tests on exhaust-
T= Sx R
S = reading of dial of hydraulic dynamometer ( final – initial , before starting the
engine), Kg
R= 0.32 m = distance from centre of dynamometer shaft to centre of spring balance
(dial) in m
BHP = (2.Π.N.T)/4500 horse power
1 horse power = 0.746 kW
So, B.P. in kW = (2.Π.N.T)/4500 X 0.746
Electric power =V.I watt
CFD solves the problem on the basis of finite volume method. Meshing is the division of objects into small-small set of finite volume called cells or grid.
The partial differential equations are converted into simple algebraic equations through discretization and then solved numerically to render the solution field. The results are achieved through a number of iterations and as much iteration we will do, as much as accuracy we can achieve. We have taken 2500 iterations to achieve efficient results.
4.3 Work output for turbine
Wturbine = ῃ . Cp . T4 (1-Tpr)(ɤ -1)/ ɤ ………………eq. 4.2
Where
ῃ = efficiency=1- T(outlet)/T(inlet)
Cp = specific heat at constant pressure
T4 = inlet temperature
Tpr= pressure ratio= P (outlet)/ P(inlet)
ɤ = 1.4 for exhaust gas
PRACTICAL RESULTS
Observations
5.1 Table for varying load:
5.2 Table for varying Throttle:
5.3 Calculations
Calculation for engine power:
T= Sx R
S = reading of dial of hydraulic dynamometer ( final – initial , before starting the
engine), Kg
R= 0.32 m = distance from centre of dynamometer shaft to centre of spring balance
(dial) in m
BHP = (2.Π.N.T)/4500 horse power
1 horse power = 0.746 kW
So, B.P. in kW = (2.Π.N.T)/4500 X 0.746
Electric power =V.I watt
To be continiue :)
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